BETWEEN STIGMA AND SUPPORT: HOW SOCIO-CULTURAL NORMS SHAPE HEALTH DECISIONS AMONG PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN BAYELSA CENTRAL, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study explores how socio-cultural norms, stigma, and support systems shape the health-seeking behaviours of perimenopausal women within universities in Bayelsa Central, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 313 female staff through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Quantitative results revealed that only a minority of respondents seek professional healthcare for perimenopausal symptoms, with a preference for faith-based and traditional providers. Age, education, income, and staff category were significantly associated with health-seeking behaviour (p < 0.001). Cultural beliefs were influential, with 47.3% of women reporting experiences of stigma and 31.6% keeping menopause entirely private. Openness in discussing menopause, comfort with healthcare providers, and expectations of culturally sensitive care were strong predictors of professional healthcare use. Qualitative findings highlight that cultural silence, myths, and lack of provider empathy discourage timely medical engagement. However, supportive environments and cultural sensitivity among providers enhanced positive health behaviours. The study concluded that despite high levels of education and employment, cultural norms continue to mediate access to care. Policy responses must prioritize culturally responsive healthcare, stigma reduction, and institutional support for midlife women. Addressing these gaps will improve the quality of care and health outcomes for women navigating perimenopause in similar socio-cultural contexts.

Keywords: Perimenopause, Health-seeking behaviour, Socio-cultural norms, Stigma and support, Women’s health in Nigeria