BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS AND SELF-MEDICATION AMONG STUDENTS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

This study examines the behavioural determinants of self-medication among students in public and private universities in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Given the growing prevalence of self-medication among young adults, particularly university students, the research explores how habits, attitudes, and perceptions shape engagement with self-treatment practices. A cross-sectional descriptive design with a mixed-methods approach was employed. A total of 375 students from Lead City University and the University of Ibadan participated in a quantitative survey, while six students and three medical professionals provided qualitative insights through in-depth and key-informant interviews. Data were collected with structured questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative analysis, using descriptive statistics and linear regression, reveals a high prevalence of self-medication (85.3%), with reliance on previous experiences, peer influence, convenience, and avoidance of healthcare institutions emerging as significant predictors (β = 0.77, p < 0.01). Thematic analysis of qualitative data reinforces these findings, as students cite time constraints, long queues at clinics, and confidence in self-diagnosis as key motivators. The study concludes that behavioural tendencies and institutional barriers jointly sustain self-medication. It recommends a multimodal strategy led by social workers, in collaboration with universities and medical professionals, to strengthen student support systems, and encourage safer health-seeking behaviours.

Keywords: Self-medication, behavioural patterns, university students, health-seeking behaviour.