ASSOCIATION OF SELF-EFFICACY, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND RESILIENCE WITH SELF-MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes mellitus requires consistent self-management practices to prevent complications and maintain glycaemic control. Effective self-management is essential for preventing complications and maintaining glycaemic control among individuals living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy, social support, and resilience may be associated with the patients’ ability to sustain recommended self-care behaviours. However, evidence regarding the combined association of these factors remains limited in northern Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with type 2 diabetes attending two major hospitals in Birnin-Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. A total of 422 participants were recruited using proportionate sampling, of whom 413 provided complete data for analysis. Standardized instruments were used to assess diabetes self-management practices, self-efficacy, perceived social support, and resilience. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The mean age of participants was 54.6 ± 11.2 years. Slightly more than half (54.2%) demonstrated good diabetes self-management practices. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that higher self-efficacy (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.36–4.63, p = 0.003), stronger perceived social support (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.25–3.88, p = 0.006), and greater resilience (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.04–3.76, p = 0.039) were independently associated with better self-management practices. The overall model was statistically significant (χ² = 26.85, p < 0.001) and explained approximately 14% of the variance in self-management behaviour. Self-efficacy, social support, and resilience were statistically associated with diabetes self-management practices. Strengthening these factors through patient education, supportive care, and community-based interventions may improve diabetes management practice in similar settings.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, self-efficacy, social support, resilience, self-management, Nigeria.